Keyword Density in Modern SEO
Keyword density — the ratio of a target term's occurrences to total words — was a primitive ranking factor in early Google. It is no longer a direct ranking signal, but it still matters for two reasons: (1) it is a proxy for topic focus, and (2) extreme over-optimisation can trigger spam filters.
What Density Is "Right"?
| Density | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| > 4% | Over-optimised — likely to read as keyword stuffing |
| 2.5%–4% | High — acceptable in small doses but risky across long content |
| 0.5%–2.5% | Healthy range for a primary keyword |
| < 0.3% | Under-represented — the page may lack topical focus |
These thresholds are guidance, not rules. A 300-word landing page about "CRM software" might legitimately have 3% density because the term is the entire topic. A 3,000-word pillar guide should be closer to 0.8%.
Why Bigrams and Trigrams Matter More
Modern search understands phrases, not just words. "Running shoes" as a bigram signals a different topic than "running" and "shoes" separately. The tool surfaces your top bigrams and trigrams so you can see what topic your content is actually signalling — which is often different from what you intended.
Common Over-Optimisation Signals
- Repetition in consecutive sentences. Natural writing doesn't do this.
- Exact-match repetition in headers. Repeatedly writing "CRM software" as an H2 when "Choosing the Right Tool" would read better.
- Keyword-first sentences — every paragraph starting with the target term.
- Awkward synonyms avoided. Real writers use "tool", "platform", "solution" interchangeably. If every mention is the exact target term, it reads as SEO copy.
How to Use This Data
- Run the analysis on your draft.
- Identify the top 3–5 terms — these are what the page is currently about.
- Compare against your intended target keyword. If they don't match, rewrite the introduction to signal the right topic.
- If your target keyword has > 3% density, replace 2–3 exact matches with pronouns or synonyms.
- If a secondary keyword you want to rank for is missing entirely, add one H2 section on that subtopic.
What Density Cannot Tell You
- Whether the content is good — density is orthogonal to quality.
- Whether the page will rank — many other factors (backlinks, intent match, page experience) dominate.
- Whether competitors are outperforming you — that requires SERP analysis.