What Makes a Subject Line Work
Subject lines are read in under two seconds on mobile. Five factors dominate open rate:
- Length — 30–50 characters displays fully on iPhone Mail, Gmail mobile and Outlook.
- Spam words — "FREE", "ACT NOW", "GUARANTEED", "$$$", excessive caps, and multiple exclamation marks trigger spam filters and reader skips.
- Personalization — merge tags like {FirstName} or {Company} lift open rates 10–20%.
- Emotion — curiosity, urgency, exclusivity or benefit. The best subject lines trigger one emotion clearly.
- Urgency — "tonight", "today only", "last chance" — measurable lift in transactional emails, hurtful in newsletters.
The Preview Text Is Half the Battle
Email clients display the first 40–100 characters of the email body as preview text. If you don't control it, the first sentence of your email will. Write both together — the subject sets up the preview, the preview completes the thought.
Common Mistakes
- ALL CAPS. Instant spam signal. Avoid.
- Multiple exclamation marks. One is fine; two or more triggers filters.
- Starting with "Newsletter" or "Update". Zero curiosity. Dead on arrival.
- Burying the benefit. Put the hook in the first 30 characters — that's what shows on mobile.
- Ignoring the sender name. Subscribers scan sender first, subject second. Consistency matters more than subject tricks.